Verb patterns

Here you have several links for you to practice verbs followed by -ing, to+infinitive or  the bare infinitive.
Exercise 1
Exercise 2
Exercise 3

Passive voice

 



Here you have a link to 25 worksheet related to th epassive voice; try and do them, and once you have self.corrected, let me know if you have  any doubt or need further practice.

USED TO

Do you need some practice before your test? try and do some exercises I hope you find useful.
And here yo have some more exercises with more links to easiy confused expressions.

past perfect and past perfect continuous

Try and click here to practice these two verbal tenses.
Then, try this other link to check grammar and do some more practice.
And last, but not least, try this one I have taken from your grammar bank .
Good luck and let me know how you find it.

PET exam

Here you have some links for you to practice the different parts of the PET exam.

Grammar topics
Vocabulary test
Vocabulary topics

And now, exercises for the different parts of the exam
Part1-signs and messages
Part 2 - matching
Part 3- text true /false
Part 4- long text
Part 5- text with gaps

Writing part 1
Writing part 2- short message
Writing part 3 - informal letter


Have a try and let me know how it was.

KET exam

Here you are going to find links for the diffeent parts of the test.
have a try to practice.

Matching exercise
Gapped sentences
Conversations
Comprehension
Test with gaps
Gapped sentences test 2
Comprehension test 2
Word completion
Test with gaps
Fill in a form

And here yo have a link to practice different grammar topics
Click

And last, but not least, some vocabulary topics for you to practice

Hope you find these links useful

Fill in the gaps

For questions 1-6, read the following text and then choose from the list A – J the best phrase given below to fill each of the spaces. Each correct phrase may only be used once. Some of the suggested answers do not fit at all. The exercise begins with an example.

TRAM-SURFING

A craze among young people for “tram-surfing” – holding on the outside of moving carriages – has forced a city to redesign its fleet of hi-tech vehicles.
Manchester decided to take this action on the new extension of their system after youngsters were spotted tram-surfing 0) _____ J _____ through the city. The 32 trams will be sent back to the workshop to have an outside ledge [1]removed 1) __________.
‘We’re extremely concerned about this,’ said Jane Neraney, a spokeswoman for the Greater Manchester Passenger Transport Executive. The executive has sent representatives to schools 2) __________ the dangers, and promises a new classroom campaign in the autumn.
The sport is a version of the deadly train-surfing craze that first started in Brazil, where it claims up to 200 lives a year. Children and teenagers hold 3) __________ the trains, often at high speed, ducking under bridges and electric cables.
Train surfing came to Britain in the late 1980s with a series of horrific accidents and deaths on British Rail. A more recent outbreak was blamed on the hit movie Mission: Impossible, which had Tom Cruise 4) __________.
Tram-surfing has arrived 5) __________ the rebirth of streetcar systems in Sheffield, Birmingham and Croydon as well as Manchester.
In Sheffield, managers said rollerbladers had joined the surfers, hanging on to the back of the trams at 45kph. A police campaign seems 6) __________ that practice. In the latest outbreak in Manchester, children have been seen hanging on to vehicle mirrors. These examples of teenage bravado may appear gentler than the railway version, but the authorities are still extremely concerned at the prospect of death or injury.
A.      to warn children of
B.      preventing children from gaining a foothold
C.      to be run over by a car
D.      thanks to
E.       travelling at only 35 kilometres per hour
F.       on to the top or sides of
G.     encouraging people to travel safely
H.     climbing over train roofs
I.        to have ended
J.        as they sped

Taken from ©First Certificate Gold Practice Exams

---

[1] Ledge: a narrow shelf which sticks out from a vertical surface.

KEY

0. J
1. B
2. A
3. F
4. H
5. D
6. I

UNREAL SITUATIONS

I WISH / IF ONLY

There are four types of I wish / If only sentences.

1. A regret that a present, future or general situation is not what you would like it to be:

I wish / If only + S + Past

• I wish I were rich. (I am not)
• I wish it didn’t rain tomorrow.

2. A regret that sth happened or didn’t happen in the past.

I wish / If only + S + Past Perfect

• I wish I had already started studying for the exam. (I have not)
• I wish I had been able to go to the concert.

3. A desire for someone or something to change or to do or stop doing something.

This type of I wish sentence expresses some kind of ANNOYANCE.

I wish + S + WOULD + V

• I wish you wouldn’t smoke so much.
• I wish the children would be quiet.

NOTE: You CANNOT use WOULD when the subject of the subordinate clause is the same as the subject of the main clause.

4. A wish that sb was able to do sth which they can’t do.

I wish + S + COULD + V

• I wish I could give up smoking.
• I wish I could play the piano.

Gerund or infinitive?

Gerund or infinitive from yolyordam yolyordam

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

Here you have a presentation with the conditional connectors and types of conditional sentences plus some exercises for you to practice; remember this term we will study only the zero, first and second type; however, I have included all the information for you to have a complete idea of the grammar.

   Presentacion Conditionals by   scatach

Presentacion Conditionals                     click on the image

All about CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

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MODAL VERBS

Here you have anther tutorial, plus a very useful set of exercises; have a go and practice; I'm sure you will find them useful.

MODAL VERBS  TUTORIAL  and EXERCISES

PHRASAL VERBS

Phrasal Verbs

Phrasal verbs are a group of multi-word verbs made from a verb plus another word or words. Many people refer to all multi-word verbs as phrasal verbs but  we have to make a  distinction between three types of multi-word verbs: prepositional verbs, phrasal verbs and phrasal-prepositional verbs. Now we'll just look at phrasal verbs proper.

Phrasal verbs are made of:

verb + adverb

Phrasal verbs can be:

• intransitive (no direct object)
• transitive (direct object)

Here are some examples of phrasal verbs:

	phrasal verbs	meaning	examples
				direct object
intransitive phrasal verbs	get up	rise from bed	I don't like to get up.
	break down	cease to function	He was late because his car broke down.
transitive phrasal verbs	put off	postpone	We will have to put off	the meeting.
	turn down	refuse	They turned down	my offer.

Separable Phrasal Verbs

When phrasal verbs are transitive (that is, they have a direct object), we can usually separate the two parts. For example, "turn down" is a separable phrasal verb. We can say: "turn down my offer" or "turn my offer down". Look at this table:

transitive phrasal verbs are separable		They	turned		down	my offer.
		They	turned	my offer	down.

However, if the direct object is a pronoun, we have no choice. We must separate the phrasal verb and insert the pronoun between the two parts. Look at this example with the separable phrasal verb "switch on":

direct object pronouns must go between the two parts of transitive phrasal verbs		John	switched		on	the radio.	These are all possible.
		John	switched	the radio	on.
		John	switched	it	on.
		John	switched		on	it.	This is not possible.

Separable or inseparable phrasal verbs? 
Some dictionaries tell you when phrasal verbs are separable. If a dictionary writes "look (something) up", you know that the phrasal verb "look up" is separable, and you can say "look something up" and "look up something". It's a good idea to write "something/somebody" as appropriate in your vocabulary book when you learn a new phrasal verb, like this:

• get up
• break down
• put something/somebody off
• turn sth/sb down

This tells you whether the verb needs a direct object (and where to put it).

phrasal verbs list 
A quiz

Modal verbs:

• DEFINICION: Modal verbs are different then any other verb.they have a serie of special characteristics; .they may express necessity, prohibition, ability, obligation, lack of obligation, possibility, etc
  
• CHARACTERISTICS:
  • They lack  infinitive, participle and most verbal tenses; they need to use verbal periphrasis to complete time and tense
  • They don not take -s in teh 3rd person singular in the present simple tense. (but HAVE TO)
  • All of them are followed by an infinitive without to, but OUGHT TO, HAVE TO y NEED TO.
  • As they do not need any auxiliary verb to form the negative and the interrogative form, they use the subject- verb inversion and not  to form the negative form.CANNOT is special: can not is American English.

• MODAL VERBS
  

  	VERB	USE	EXAMPLES	NOTES
  PURE MODALS	CAN (presente)	-express ability	- We can drive very well	- Be able to complements  can when it shows ability and possibiblity : infinitive, future, present perfect y gerund, e.g. I will be able to play the guitar in a year.
  		- express possibility or impossibility	- I can't talk, I've got a very sore throat
  		- Express or ask for permission	- Can I sit down?
  		-in the negative form, express logical deduction or prohibition	- She can't be at school. It's holiday. - You cannot smoke here.
  	COULD (pasado)	- Express ability in the past	- Jane could drive before she was 18.
  		- Ask for something politely	- Could you pass the salt, please?
  		- Express possibility  o impossibility in the past.	- It was so hot I couldn't walk in the sand.
  		- Infer things (remote possibility)	- This passport could be his.
  		- Make suggestions	- We could play bingo today.
  		- replace can in the reported speech	- They said they could do it themselves.
  		- Express criticism.	- You could have bought some more food.
  	MAY (PRE/FUT)	- Ask for something	- May I leave the classroom?	- Cuando MAY indica posibilidad indica que algo no es seguro. (quizá, tal vez, puede que)
  		- give permission	- You may go to the toilet.
  		- Express present or future possibility	- The headmaster may visit the class today.
  		- speculate	- That may be the thief that was arrested by the police.
  	MIGHT	- Express  possibility (more remote<9 b="">	- They might invite us to the party.	-possibility is very remote (pudiera ser que)
  		- speculate	- They might have broken the window…
  	SHOULD	- give advice	- You should do more physical exercise
  		- Express moral obligation because something is not as we thought it should be	- You should be more tolerant
  		- Critiise past actions	- She should have been quiet
  	WILL	- Make an offer	- I'll carry the suitcase for you.
  		- Ask something politely	- Will you bring me a coffee, please?
  	SHALL	- make an offer	- Shall I open the window?
  		- make suggestions	- What shall we do tonight?
  		- make up yu rmind about taking a course of action	- I shall speak to the headmaster
  	WOULD	- make an offer  in a more polite way)	- Would you like some tea?
  		- Past habits (solía)	- When I was a child, I would go fishing.
  	MUST (presente)	- express obligation	- You must go to school	- HAVE TO completesa MUST in tenses, e.g. She had to get up early yesterday.
  		- express prohibition (negative form)	- You mustn't smoke in hospitals
  		- Express logical deduction (affirmative)	- They must be happy. They've won the lottery
  	NEED	- Express necessity	- Need we go now?
  		- Passive meaning	- The trees need pruning.
  		- In negative lack of obligation= don't have to	- You needn't get up early at weekends
  	OUGHT TO	- give advice	- You ought to do more physical exercise
  		- Express moral obligation	- You ought to be more tolerant
  	USED TO	- Express routines or habits in the past	- I used to play tennis, but now I play basket
  MODALS IDIOMS	HAVE (GOT) TO	- Express obligation (softer, lighter than must))	- You have to be 18 to drive a car
  		- in negative absence of obligation	- You don't have to wear a uniform in this school
  	HAD BETTER	- give advice or make suggestions (sería mejor)	- It's getting dark, we'd better go home now
  	WOULD RATHER	- + infinitivo: preferir algo 2 sujetos iguales - + Oración en pasado simple: (preferiría) sujetos diferentes - + infinitivo + than + infinitivo	- I'd rather stay at home (prefiero) - I'd rather she studied harder - I'd rather listen to music than dance
  	BE USED TO + -ING	- It means "estar acostumbrado a.."	- I'm used to going to bed late.
  	GET USED TO + -ING	- It means " acostumbrarse a.."	- I can't get used to his way of cooking.

  
  
• MODALES PERFECTOS:
  Whenever we use a modal perfect, we are talkin gabout the past. they are followed by HAVE+ PARTICIPLE.
  • MUST + HAVE + PARTICIPIO → PAST LOGICAL INFERENCE e.g. Sheila was absent yesterday. She must have been ill.
  • COULD + HAVE + PARTICIPIO
    → indica que hubo posibilidad de hacer algo en el pasado pero realmente no se hizo, e.g. He could have helped us, but he came too late.
    → en negativa, expresa la incredulidad de que lo ocurrido sea cierto, e.g. She couldn't have said those words.
    → para hacer una suposición en el pasado, e.g. She didn't come to the party. She could have been ill.
  • MAY / MIGHT + HAVE + PARTICIPIO → expresan una suposición sobre el pasado, e.g. Call her again. She may / might not have heard you the first time.
  • SHOULD / OUGHT TO + HAVE + PARTICIPIO
    → para lamentar que no se siguió un consejo en el pasado, e.g. She looks worse. She should / ought to have seen a doctor last week.
    → para lamentar que no se haya cumplido lo que esperábamos, e.g. They should have been home by now.
    → en negativa demuestran nuestra opinión crítica sobre algo que no debería haber ocurrido, e.g. I'm very angry with her. She shouldn't have been so rude.
    
    
    Now it's time for practice:
    - Miscellaneous
    
    

Modal verbs:

• DEFINICIÓN: Los verbos modales son verbos diferentes al resto de los verbos. Tienen una serie de características especiales. Estos verbos pueden expresar: obligación, necesidad, prohibición, ausencia de necesidad, probabilidad, posibilidad, habilidad…
  
• CARACTERÍSTICAS:
  • Son verbos incompletos. No tienen participio ni infinitivo, y necesitan otros verbos para completar su conjugación: CAN se completa con la perífrasis BE ABLE TO, MUST con HAVE TO, etc.
  • No llevan -S en la 3ª persona singular del presente simple, excepto HAVE TO (HAS TO)
  • Todos van seguidos de otro verbo en infinitivo sin TO, excepto OUGHT TO, HAVE TO y NEED TO.
  • Como no necesitan verbo auxiliar, construyen la interrogativa invirtiendo el orden del sujeto y el verbo, y la negativa añadiendo NOT. ¡¡OJO!! CANNOT

• TABLA DE VERBOS MODALES
  

  	VERB	USE	EXAMPLES	NOTES
  PURE MODALS	CAN (presente)	- Expresar habilidad	- We can drive very well	- Be able to complementa a can cuando indica habilidad y posibilidad: infinitivo, futuro, present perfect y gerundio, e.g. I will be able to play the guitar in a year.
  		- Expresar posibilidad o imposibilidad	- I can't talk, I've got a very sore throat
  		- Expresar o pedir permiso	- Can I sit down?
  		- En negativa expresar deducción y prohibición.	- She can't be at school. It's holiday. - You cannot smoke here.
  	COULD (pasado)	- Expresar habilidad en pasado.	- Jane could drive before she was 18.
  		- Pedir algo educadamente.	- Could you pass the salt, please?
  		- Expresar posibilidad o imposibilidad en el pasado.	- It was so hot I couldn't walk in the sand.
  		- Hacer especulaciones (posibilidad remota)	- This passport could be his.
  		- Hacer sugerencias.	- We could play bingo today.
  		- Remplaza a can en el estilo indirecto	- They said they could do it themselves.
  		- Expresar una crítica.	- You could have bought some more food.
  	MAY (PRE/FUT)	- Pedir algo.	- May I leave the classroom?	- Cuando MAY indica posibilidad indica que algo no es seguro. (quizá, tal vez, puede que)
  		- Expresar permiso.	- You may go to the toilet.
  		- Expresar posibilidad (presente o futura)	- The headmaster may visit the class today.
  		- Hacer especulaciones.	- That may be the thief that was arrested by the police.
  	MIGHT	- Expresar posibilidad (más dudosa)	- They might invite us to the party.	- La posibilidad es muy dudosa (pudiera ser que)
  		- Hacer especulaciones	- They might have broken the window…
  	SHOULD	- Dar y pedir consejos (debería)	- You should do more physical exercise
  		- Expresar obligación moral o que algo no es lo adecuado que esperabamos	- You should be more tolerant
  		- Criticar acciones pasadas	- She should have been quiet
  	WILL	- Hacer un ofrecimiento	- I'll carry the suitcase for you.
  		- Pedir algo educadamente	- Will you bring me a coffee, please?
  	SHALL	- Hacer un ofrecimiento	- Shall I open the window?
  		- Pedir sugerencias	- What shall we do tonight?
  		- Tomar decisiones	- I shall speak to the headmaster
  	WOULD	- Hacer un ofrecimiento	- Would you like some tea?
  		- Rutinas en el pasado (afirm.) (solía)	- When I was a child, I would go fishing.
  	MUST (presente)	- Expresar obligación (autoridad fuerte)	- You must go to school	- HAVE TO complementa a MUST en los tiempos que este carece, e.g. She had to get up early yesterday.
  		- En negativa: expresar prohibición	- You mustn't smoke in hospitals
  		- Expresar deducción (afirmativa)	- They must be happy. They've won the lottery
  	NEED	- Expresar necesidad	- Need we go now?
  		- Con sentido pasivo	- The trees need pruning.
  		- En negativa: ausencia de obligación = don't have to	- You needn't get up early at weekends
  	OUGHT TO	- Dar consejos	- You ought to do more physical exercise
  		- Expresar obligación moral	- You ought to be more tolerant
  	USED TO	- Expresar hábitos o rutinas en el pasado	- I used to play tennis, but now I play basket
  MODALS IDIOMS	HAVE (GOT) TO	- Expresar obligación (+ suave)	- You have to be 18 to drive a car
  		- En negativa: ausencia de obligación	- You don't have to wear a uniform in this school
  	HAD BETTER	- Dar consejos o sugerencia (sería mejor)	- It's getting dark, we'd better go home now
  	WOULD RATHER	- + infinitivo: preferir algo 2 sujetos iguales - + Oración en pasado simple: (preferiría) sujetos diferentes - + infinitivo + than + infinitivo	- I'd rather stay at home (prefiero) - I'd rather she studied harder - I'd rather listen to music than dance
  	BE USED TO + -ING	- Expresa "estar acostumbrado a.."	- I'm used to going to bed late.
  	GET USED TO + -ING	- Expresa " acostumbrarse a.."	- I can't get used to his way of cooking.

  
  
• MODALES PERFECTOS:
  Se refieren al pasado: expresan conclusiones, suposiciones y conjeturas que hacemos sobre hechos pasados y se forman con un modal + have + participio.
  • MUST + HAVE + PARTICIPIO → conclusiones lógicas en el pasado, e.g. Sheila was absent yesterday. She must have been ill.
  • COULD + HAVE + PARTICIPIO
    → indica que hubo posibilidad de hacer algo en el pasado pero realmente no se hizo, e.g. He could have helped us, but he came too late.
    → en negativa, expresa la incredulidad de que lo ocurrido sea cierto, e.g. She couldn't have said those words.
    → para hacer una suposición en el pasado, e.g. She didn't come to the party. She could have been ill.
  • MAY / MIGHT + HAVE + PARTICIPIO → expresan una suposición sobre el pasado, e.g. Call her again. She may / might not have heard you the first time.
  • SHOULD / OUGHT TO + HAVE + PARTICIPIO
    → para lamentar que no se siguió un consejo en el pasado, e.g. She looks worse. She should / ought to have seen a doctor last week.
    → para lamentar que no se haya cumplido lo que esperábamos, e.g. They should have been home by now.
    → en negativa demuestran nuestra opinión crítica sobre algo que no debería haber ocurrido, e.g. I'm very angry with her. She shouldn't have been so rude.
    
    
    Now it's time for practice:
    - Miscellaneous