|
VERB
|
USE
|
EXAMPLES
|
NOTES
|
PURE MODALS |
CAN
(presente) | - Expresar habilidad | - We can drive very well |
- Be able to complementa a can cuando
indica habilidad y posibilidad: infinitivo, futuro, present perfect y
gerundio, e.g. I will be able to play the guitar in a year.
|
- Expresar posibilidad o imposibilidad | - I can't talk, I've got a very sore throat |
- Expresar o pedir permiso | - Can I sit down? |
- En negativa expresar deducción y prohibición. | - She can't be at school. It's holiday.
- You cannot smoke here. |
COULD
(pasado) | - Expresar habilidad en pasado. | - Jane could drive before she was 18. |
|
- Pedir algo educadamente. | - Could you pass the salt, please? |
- Expresar posibilidad o imposibilidad en el pasado. | - It was so hot I couldn't walk in the sand. |
- Hacer especulaciones (posibilidad remota) | - This passport could be his. |
- Hacer sugerencias. | - We could play bingo today. |
- Remplaza a can en el estilo indirecto | - They said they could do it themselves. |
- Expresar una crítica. | - You could have bought some more food. |
MAY
(PRE/FUT)
| - Pedir algo. | - May I leave the classroom? | - Cuando MAY indica posibilidad indica que algo no es seguro. (quizá, tal vez, puede que) |
- Expresar permiso. | - You may go to the toilet. |
- Expresar posibilidad (presente o futura) | - The headmaster may visit the class today. |
- Hacer especulaciones. | - That may be the thief that was arrested by the police. |
MIGHT
| - Expresar posibilidad (más dudosa) | - They might invite us to the party. | - La posibilidad es muy dudosa (pudiera ser que) |
- Hacer especulaciones | - They might have broken the window… |
SHOULD
| - Dar y pedir consejos (debería) | - You should do more physical exercise |
|
- Expresar obligación moral o que algo no es lo adecuado que esperabamos | - You should be more tolerant |
- Criticar acciones pasadas | - She should have been quiet |
WILL
| - Hacer un ofrecimiento | - I'll carry the suitcase for you. |
|
- Pedir algo educadamente | - Will you bring me a coffee, please? |
SHALL
| - Hacer un ofrecimiento | - Shall I open the window? |
|
- Pedir sugerencias | - What shall we do tonight? |
- Tomar decisiones | - I shall speak to the headmaster |
WOULD
| - Hacer un ofrecimiento | - Would you like some tea? |
|
- Rutinas en el pasado (afirm.) (solía) | - When I was a child, I would go fishing. |
MUST
(presente) | - Expresar obligación (autoridad fuerte) | - You must go to school | - HAVE TO complementa a MUST en los tiempos que este carece, e.g. She had to get up early yesterday. |
- En negativa: expresar prohibición | - You mustn't smoke in hospitals |
- Expresar deducción (afirmativa) | - They must be happy. They've won the lottery |
NEED
| - Expresar necesidad | - Need we go now? |
|
- Con sentido pasivo | - The trees need pruning. |
- En negativa: ausencia de obligación = don't have to | - You needn't get up early at weekends |
OUGHT TO
| - Dar consejos | - You ought to do more physical exercise |
|
- Expresar obligación moral | - You ought to be more tolerant |
USED TO
| - Expresar hábitos o rutinas en el pasado | - I used to play tennis, but now I play basket |
|
MODALS IDIOMS |
HAVE (GOT) TO
| - Expresar obligación (+ suave) | - You have to be 18 to drive a car |
|
- En negativa: ausencia de obligación | - You don't have to wear a uniform in this school |
HAD BETTER
| - Dar consejos o sugerencia (sería mejor) | - It's getting dark, we'd better go home now |
|
WOULD RATHER
| - + infinitivo: preferir algo 2 sujetos iguales
- + Oración en pasado simple: (preferiría) sujetos diferentes
- + infinitivo + than + infinitivo | - I'd rather stay at home (prefiero)
- I'd rather she studied harder
- I'd rather listen to music than dance |
|
BE USED TO
+ -ING
| - Expresa "estar acostumbrado a.." | - I'm used to going to bed late. |
|
GET USED TO
+ -ING
| - Expresa " acostumbrarse a.." | - I can't get used to his way of cooking. |
|
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